The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) was created in anticipation of the fifth enlargement round in order to provide an answer for the EU in its relations with its new neighbours.
This paper’s aim is to emphasise the challenges faced by international cooperation in combating the financing of terrorism. It reviews the existing weaknesses and failures of each group of stakeholders participating in the CFT strategy.
This paper assesses and analyses Iran’s regional policy since the Iranian Revolution (February 1979) focusing on the last ten years. It is the first of three Working Papers in which the author will be looking at Iran’s regional and global policies.
Few developed nations have progressed so much as Spain over the past 30 years and yet still have a significant gap between how it and its companies are perceived abroad and the country’s business and socioeconomic reality. Generally speaking, Spain is still viewed, to a varying extent, as a land of siesta and fiesta.
The fundamental realities on which the Atlantic relationship rests remain in place and are highly unlikely to disappear at any time in the foreseeable future.
In 2007 the Heads of State and Government of the 27 Member States of the EU signed a Treaty by virtue of which the European Union Treaty (EUT) and the constitutional Treaty of the European Community Treaty (ECT) were modified, opening a new process of ratification which, if successful, should lead in 2009 to a new reformed EUT and to a Draft Treaty of the European Union (DTEU) to replace the present ECT.
Two concepts of secularism are on trial in Turkey, where the Constitutional Court is studying a case to ban the ruling Justice and Development party (AKP). Whatever the outcome of the case, it will intensify the growing cleavage between the AKP and the secular establishment and hence have repercussions on Turkey’s already protracted bid to become a full member of the European Union (EU).
The current volume of publications dealing with Islamist militancy and terrorism defies belief in terms of its contents. This paper is a modest attempt to direct more attention and interest towards the much overlooked sub-field of historical research within Jihadi studies.
A French proposal to create a Mediterranean Union has drawn much attention on the Euro-Mediterranean political scene. So far the proposal is somewhere between vague and indeterminate. It is important for Spain to join this process so as to guide it from the inside with coherent ideas.
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