The European Union’s international representation under the primary law now in force, and the way this has been put into practice both by the EU and the European Community before it, are clear reflections of the institutional complexity and partial integration – by sectors and in different phases – that the bloc has suffered from since its creation.
The Russian President, Dmitri Medvedev, has proposed a comprehensive review of the so-called ‘European Security Architecture’. The goal, according to the Russian President, is to negotiate a new wide-ranging Pact in the form of a Treaty to cover the Euro-Atlantic Area.
Turkey and Armenia, backed by the US and Russia, agreed a framework on 23 April 2009 to normalise their relations and end one of the most intractable disputes left from the collapse of the Soviet Union. Turkey closed its border with Armenia in 1993 in support of its ally Azerbaijan, which was in conflict with Armenia over the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh.
This paper analyses various European issues –the Irish referendum, transatlantic relations after President Bush, the financial crisis and challenges of global governances, the French EU Presidency and the prospects for ENP and enlargement after ‘Georgia’, among others– from a Spanish perspective.
The aim of the eighth edition of the survey is to provide a full comparative picture of debates on European issues in the EU's member states and two candidate countries (Croatia and Turkey). The project is coordinated by the Institut für Europäische Politik (IEP) and Institutes from all 27 EU member states –including the Elcano Royal Institute- as well as Croatia and Turkey.
The European Security Strategy (ESS) was adopted by the European Council on December 12, 2003. There have been many changes in the international community since then and the time has come to consider what has been accomplished and how to achieve what remains to be done.
The French Presidency has been generally recognised to have been successful and has helped to restore –at least for a while– the relationship between France and the rest of Europe.
Now a debate is under way at the European level on revising the budget and EU policies. The conference held in Brussels on 12 November of 2008 marked the end of the public-debate phase that began with the European Commission’s presentation of an issues paper in September 2007.
France will probably announce its reintegration into the NATO’s military command at the coming NATO summit of Strasbourg-Kehl, 3-4 April 2009.
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